EFFECT OF CRITICAL BATCH VARIABLES ON THE EFFICIENCY AND KINETICS OF ADSORPTION OF NI (II) ONTO CARBONIZED AND UNCARBONIZED PALM KERNEL CHAFF

Authors

  • C. C. Nnaji Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Faculty of Engineering, and Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7575-6978
  • A. Agim School of Engineering and Computing, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v43i4.20

Keywords:

adsorption, palm kernel chaff, water treatment, biosorbent

Abstract

A series of batch experiments were conducted for refined CPKC (carbonized sample) and UCPKC (uncarbonized sample) using 10, 30, 50, 70, 100 and 120 mg/L of Ni (II) solution at 30ᵒC, 35ᵒC and 40ᵒC at pH 3 and pH 9. Adsorption kinetics were investigated by determining the concentration of Ni (II) removed by the adsorbent at precise moments of time of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Standard kinetic equations were used to model data obtained from the experiments. For the range of conditions studied, the best improvement in the rate of adsorption and the adsorption capacity was observed for the carbonized sample at a temperature of 35oC. The rate constants of PKC were notably higher in an alkaline solution when the initial pH at the start of mixing was measured at 9, compared to the acidic solution with an initial pH of 3, across all studied temperatures. The rate constants of PSO1, PSO2, PSO3, PSO4, PSO5 and PSO6 for CPKC ranged from 0.06 – 0.16, 0.14 – 0.44, 0.13 – 0.42, 0.13 – 0.30 and 0.09 – 0.59 g/mg.min-1. In nearly all cases, PSO1 model showed better correlation than other kinetic models with R2 values ranging from 0.8 to 1.0. The average increase in adsorption rate constant for CPKC (pH 3), CPKC (pH 9), UCPKC (pH 3) and UCPKC (9) for 1oC increase in temperature was 0.31, 0.98, 0.51 and 0.43 mg/g.min respectively. The kinetic models were ranked as follows: /PSO1/>/PFO/>/PSO2 - 5/>/PSO6/.

References

[1] IPCS, “Nickel,” Geneva, 1991. Accessed: Jan. 05, 2024. Available: https://www.inchem.org/ documents/ehc/ehc/ehc108.htm

[2] WHO, “Nickel in drinking-water,” 2021. Available: http://apps.who.int/bookorders.

[3] G. Genchi, A. Carocci, G. Lauria, M. S. Sinicropi, and A. Catalano, “Nickel: Human Health and Environmental Toxicology,” International Journal of Environmental Resea-rch and Public, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 679, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030679.

[4] C. T. Matos et al., “Material System Analysis of five battery related raw materials: Cobalt, Lithium, Manganese, Natural Graphite, Nickel,” Luxembourg, 2020. doi: 10.2760/5198 27.

[5] Y. Ojima, S. Kosako, M. Kihara, N. Miyoshi, K. Igarashi, and M. Azuma, “Recovering metals from aqueous solutions by biosorption onto phosphorylated dry baker’s yeast,” Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36306-2.

[6] X. Guo and J. Wang, “Comparison of linearization methods for modeling the Langmuir adsorption isotherm,” Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 296, p. 111850, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.1118 50.

[7] Fawzy, M. A., Al-Yasi, H. M., Galal, T. M., Hamza, R. Z., Abdelkader, T. G., Ali, E. F., & Hassan, S. H. A. “Statistical optimization, kinetic, equilibrium isotherm and thermodin-amic studies of copper biosorption onto Rosa damascena leaves as a low-cost biosorbent”, Scientific Reports, vol 12, no. 1. 2022; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12233-

[8] M. A. El-Nemr, M. Yılmaz, S. Ragab, M. A. Hassaan, and A. El Nemr, “Isotherm and kinetic studies of acid yellow 11 dye adsorption from wastewater using Pisum Sativum peels microporous activated carbon,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31433-x.

[9] M. Harja, G. Buema, and D. Bucur, “Recent advances in removal of Congo Red dye by adsorption using an industrial waste,” Scientific Reports, vol. 12, no. 1, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10093-3.

[10] G. Mosoarca, C. Vancea, S. Popa, M. Gheju, and S. Boran, “Syringa vulgaris leaves powder a novel low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue removal: isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamic and optimization by Taguchi method,” Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-74819-x.

[11] N. U. M. Nizam, M. M. Hanafiah, E. Mahmoudi, A. A. Halim, and A. W. Mohammad, “The removal of anionic and cationic dyes from an aqueous solution using biomass-based activated carbon,” Sciientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88084-z.

[12] J. Fito et al., “Adsorption of methylene blue from textile industrial wastewater using activated carbon developed from Rumex abyssinicus plant,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32341-w.

[13] A. A. Ghoniem et al., “Pseudomonas alcaliphila NEWG-2 as biosorbent agent for methylene blue dye: optimization, equilibrium isotherms, and kinetic processes,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30462-w.

[14] S. A. Bani-Atta, “Potassium permanganate dye removal from synthetic wastewater using a novel, low-cost adsorbent, modified from the powder of Foeniculum vulgare seeds,” Scientific Reports, vol. 12, no. 1, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08543-z.

[15] K. A. Burevska et al., “Biosorption of nickel ions from aqueous solutions by natural and modified peanut husks: equilibrium and kinetics,” Water and Environment Journal, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 276–284, May 2018, doi: 10.1111/wej.12325.

[16] Z. K. Gratia, R. Nandhakumar, B. Mahanty, S. Murugan, P. Muthusamy, and K. S. Vinayak, “Biosorption of Nickel from Metal Finishing Effluent Using Lichen Parmotrema tinctorum Biomass,” Water, Air and Soil Pollution, vol. 232, no. 11, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11270-021-05431-6.

[17] S. Komarabathina, K. Pulipati, M. Pujari, and J. Kodavaty, “Biosorption of nickel from aqueous solution onto Liagora viscida: Kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics,” Environme-ntal Progress and Sustainable Energy , 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.13330.

[18] M. A. Hubbe, S. Azizian, and S. Douven, “Implications of Apparent Pseudo Second-Order Adsorption Kinetics onto Cellulosic Materials: A Review,” Bioresources, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 7582–7626, 2019, doi: 10.15376/biores.14.3.7582-7626.

[19] C. C. Nnaji, A. E. Agim, C. N. Mama, P. G. C. Emenike, and N. M. Ogarekpe, “Equilibrium and thermodynamic investigation of biosorp-tion of nickel from water by activated carbon made from palm kernel chaff,” Scientific Reports, vol. 11, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86932-6.

[20] J. Wang and X. Guo, “Adsorption isotherm models: Classification, physical meaning, application and solving method,” Chemosp-here, vol. 258. Nov. 01, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127279.

[21] W. Plazinski, J. Dziuba, and W. Rudzinski, “Modeling of sorption kinetics: The pseudo-second order equation and the sorbate intraparticle diffusivity,” Adsorption, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1055–1064, Oct. 2013, doi: 10.1007/s10450-013-9529-0.

[22] M. A. Islam, M. R. Awual, and M. J. Angove, “A review on nickel(II) adsorption in single and binary component systems and future path,” Journal of Environmental Chemical Engine-ering, vol. 7, no. 5. Oct. 01, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103305.

[23] S. Nirmala, A. Pasupathy, and M. Raja, “Removal Of Nickel (II) Ions From Aqueous Solutions Using Adsorbent Obtained From Andrographis Paniculata Leaves As A Low Cost Adsorbent,” International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, vol. 6, no. 11, p. 524, 2016, [Online]. Available: www.ijsrp.org

[24] Y. S. Ho and G. McKay, “Pseudo-second order model for sorption processes,” Process Biochemistry, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 451–465, 1999, doi: 10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00112-5.

[25] H. N. Tran, “Applying Linear Forms of Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model for Feasibly Identifying Errors in the Initial Periods of Time-Dependent Adsorption Datasets,” Water, vol. 15, no. 6, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.3390/w15061 231.

[26] O. Oribayo, O. Olaleye, A. S. Akinyanju, K. O. Omoloja and S. O. Williams, "Coconut Shell-Based Activated Carbon As Adsorbent For The Removal Of Dye From Aqueous Solution: Equilibrium, Kinetics, And Thermodynamic Studies," Nigerian Journal of Technology, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 1076 - 1084, 2020.

[27] R. Garg et al., “Rapid adsorptive removal of chromium from wastewater using walnut-derived biosorbents,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33843-3.

Downloads

Published

2025-01-08

Issue

Section

Agricultural, Bioresources, Biomedical, Food, Environmental & Water Resources Engineering

How to Cite

EFFECT OF CRITICAL BATCH VARIABLES ON THE EFFICIENCY AND KINETICS OF ADSORPTION OF NI (II) ONTO CARBONIZED AND UNCARBONIZED PALM KERNEL CHAFF. (2025). Nigerian Journal of Technology, 43(4), 795 – 806. https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v43i4.20