EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF CEMENT WITH GROUND GRANULATED SLAG ON CONCRETE PRODUCED WITH DIFFERENT WATER-CEMENT RATIOS

Solomon Adedokun; Johnson Oluremi; Daniel Mark; Mukaila Anifowose; Rasak Lawal

doi:10.4314/njt.v43i3.1

Authors

S. I. Adedokun Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Lagos, Nigeria
J. R. Oluremi Department of Civil Engineering, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
D. O. Mark Department of Civil Engineering, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
M. A. Anifowose Department of Civil Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Offa, Nigeria
A. R. Lawal Freund Limited, Abuja, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v43i3.1

Keywords:

Cement, Ground granulated steel slag, Strength properties, Water Cement Ratio, Workability

Abstract

Due to growing concerns on the need for alternative material to partially replace cement considering the high cost and environmental problems associated with its production, this study investigated the impacts of fractional substitution of cement with ground granulated steel slag (GGSS) on the features of concrete produced by varying water-cement ratios (w/c). Cement was replaced with GGSS at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The binder, sand and granite ratio of 1:2:4 as well as the w/c of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 were used. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyser was utilized to ascertain the chemical composition of the GGSS, and its result revealed that GGSS is a class F Pozzolan. The fresh and hardened concretes containing various levels of replacement of cement with GGSS and w/c were subjected to workability and various strength tests. Response Surface Method (RSM) was employed for optimum condition analysis that maximized the results of the Compressive Strength (CS), Split Tensile Strength (STS) and Flexural Strength (FS) tests. Findings revealed that concrete becomes more workable with increasing w/c, but declined as the substitution of cement with GGSS increased. The strengths of the concrete declined with increasing w/c; however, the addition of GGSS improved its strength’s properties. The optimized 21.57% GGSS substitution for cement with w/c of 0.45 gave maximum value of 25.95 N/mm² for CS, 4.24 N/mm² for STS and 5.74 N/mm²for FS. The comparative cost analysis between the conventional concrete and the optimized OPC-GGSS concrete shows that as much as 11.2% of the concrete constituents’ cost can be saved if GGSS is used to substitute OPC in the concrete production. The optimized concrete, which can be utilized as reinforced concrete with improved strength and reduced cost, is therefore recommended for use with the target CS of 25 N/mm².

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